Samaneh Safaeian; ُSamereh Falahatkar; Mohammad Javad Tourian
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of climate change and drought has become a global problem in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Climate change as a problem in the annual bio-farming cycle causes extinction of plant and animal species, reduced vegetation richness, impaired and reduced fertility ...
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In recent years, the phenomenon of climate change and drought has become a global problem in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Climate change as a problem in the annual bio-farming cycle causes extinction of plant and animal species, reduced vegetation richness, impaired and reduced fertility severity in animals, changes in the pattern of migration of birds and animals (due to new habitats or food sources New) and changes in the spawning pattern of fish. Droughts and floods are one of the most severe climatic events that are likely to change faster than the average climate of any region. Today, access to freshwater resources is a very important issue in most countries, including the Middle East and Iran, according to FAO statistics, while the Middle East accounts for 14 percent of the Earth's surface, accounting for only 2 percent of water resources. The drying up of internationally valuable lakes and wetlands, the lowering of rivers to crisis levels, and the exposure of people in 12 provinces to drinking water shortages are among the consequences of a nationwide drought. Droughts have been particularly prevalent in the tropical and subtropical regions since the 1970s. Reduced ground precipitation and increased temperatures, which increase evaporation and decrease soil moisture, are important factors that have led to more drought zones. Recent droughts have emphasized the need for more research into the causes and effects of droughts and the need for additional planning to help reduce the potential consequences of future droughts. On the other hand, some studies consider the increase in greenhouse gases and disruption of sunlight transfer to and from the earth to the atmosphere as a reason for the recent drought. In the present study, monthly changes of atmospheric carbon dioxide and monthly changes of total water storage in the period 2003-2015 in Iran were investigated. Combined data with the Obsm4MIPs algorithm of GOSAT satellite and SCIAMACHY sensor were used to obtain the trend of changes in carbon dioxide concentration and GRACE satellite data for changes in total water storage from 2003 to 2015. The results of the canonical correlation show a strong relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and changes in total water storage. Stepwise regression model was used to model the relationship between changes in total water storage with CO2, discharge rate and groundwater consumption. The results of regression model showed that carbon dioxide with R2 = 0.91 had the highest relationship with total water reservoir changes in the model. It is noteworthy that the identification of these relationships on a large scale is tangible and at the local scale management practices are more influential in changing water resources, especially groundwater.
